Journalism in Exile

All knowledge on exiled journalism at one place.
Compilation of articles, reports, studies, academic research and toolkits on current global developments on media and journalism in exile.

Recommendations

Technology and the New Realities of Journalism in Exile

  • LatAm Journalism Review
  • César López Linares

As journalists remain in exile for longer periods, technology is reshaping how they report, reach audiences and sustain their work across borders. Digital tools can help exiled media access information, engage audiences and develop new revenue streams, but they also create vulnerabilities through surveillance, censorship, cyberattacks and platform dependency. At ISOJ 2026, JX Fund’s Polina Stretter joined experts from IAPA, CPJ and RSF to discuss the opportunities and risks technology brings to journalism in exile – and what media organizations can do to navigate an increasingly complex digital environment.

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Inside the Iranian Exile Media Sector

  • The Fix
  • Orsolya Seregély

A new JX Fund Country Profile examines Iran’s growing exile media sector, documenting 16 independent outlets operating abroad and reaching audiences largely inside the country. The Fix highlights how these outlets navigate censorship, internet restrictions, fragmented teams and the risks of reporting remotely, while also facing threats from Iran beyond its borders.

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Beyond Borders: Repression Targets Exiled Journalists

  • National Press Club Journalism Institute
  • Asmamaw Kassa

Crossing a border doesn’t end the threats. Exiled journalists from Afghanistan, Russia, and the Uyghur community describe cyberattacks, disinformation, poisoning attempts, and pressure on family members back home—transnational repression that’s rising fast as exile itself has nearly doubled worldwide in five years.

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Navigating Ethical Dilemmas of Exile Journalism

  • National Press Club Journalism Institute
  • Asmamaw Kassa

Far from home, exiled newsrooms face a daily balancing act. Amu TV and Kashmir Times editors describe how they verify facts without being on the ground, protect sources under surveillance and authoritarian threat, and guard hard-won credibility—choosing to delay stories, embrace anonymity, and admit mistakes rather than risk lives or trust.

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Preparing for Exile: What We Wish We Had Known Before Leaving

  • NEMO

Journalists usually report the news, not live it. At NEMO’s latest Knowledge Exchange Session, representatives from independent exiled media organizations turned that around, reflecting on their own experience of forced relocation: rebuilding infrastructure, securing digital access, and starting over in unfamiliar countries.

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Exiled Journalism Worldwide

Anabel Hernández: The Cost of Exposing Narco-Corruption

  • LatAm Journalism Review
  • César López Linares

In her new book, “Narcocracia,” Mexican journalist Anabel Hernández explores the links between drug trafficking and political power. In an interview with LJR, she discussed the challenges of investigating a phenomenon that leaves little trace.

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Journalist Rezaee on Exile

  • NDR

Repression and intimidation are part of everyday life for media professionals in exile, says Omid Rezaee. The Iranian-born journalist works for the German weekly Die Zeit. At Hamburg’s Press Freedom Week, around 200 exiled journalists are gathering to discuss their work and the danger they live in.

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Balancing Verification, Source Protection, & Credibility

  • GIJN
  • Asmamaw Kassa, National Press Club Journalism Institute

For journalists forced to operate outside their home countries, exile does not end the responsibility to report. Instead, it creates a new set of ethical challenges. Reporters and editors must find out how to verify information, keep sources safe, and maintain credibility with audiences while far away from the events they’re covering.

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“Exiled media don’t just report news; they preserve historical memory, they monitor developments inside, and provide information that would otherwise never reach the outside world.”

Tenzin Pema, Knight-Wallace Journalism Fellow and former director of Radio Free Asia’s Tibetan Service, at the IRE26 panel “Reporting from Exile: How to Cover Authoritarian Regimes, Protect Sources, and Build Trust”

Guides & Toolkits

Journalism and Exile Media Cognitive Liberty Kit

  • Cognitive Liberties

This 30/90/365-day implementation kit helps newsrooms and exile media protect sources, minimize metadata, secure administrator access, bind vendors, and build emergency publication and archive continuity, all without turning controversial reporting or source contact into a permanent surveillance dossier on staff or readers.

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Impact Framework for Media Projects Toolkit

  • IMS

Media development actors and funders globally are grappling with how best to measure results. An updated version of the IMS impact assessment tool is out now. It is also translated into six different language. The tool help editorial teams measure the impact of media projects based on effective ways to define targets and track progress and results.

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Exiled Journalists Find Safety in Finland but Also Face Challenges

  • RSF

While Finland ranks among the world leaders in press freedom, it still offers too few measures to help journalists forced into exile continue their work. This is the central finding of “When You Arrive in Finland, You Step into a Dark Room”, a report backed by eight Finnish organisations, including Reporters Without Borders (RSF) Finland.

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Research & Studies

Algorithms and Exile: How Platforms Shape Russian Media

  • Ilya Kiriya

Since Russia’s crackdown drove over 2,000 journalists into exile, more than 90 outlets now depend on YouTube, Telegram and other Big Tech platforms to reach audiences. This research examines how opaque AI algorithms shape their visibility—and how exiled media, in turn, try to exploit those same algorithmic biases to survive.

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Cyberattacks as a Tactic of Digital TNR

  • Freedom House

A new report from Cloudflare, a company that provides cybersecurity services to internet providers, highlights the array of digital transnational repression tactics employed against exile media outlets and journalists. The report finds that around 5 percent of the 41 billion requests directed to exile journalism websites between February 2025 and January 2026 were harmful and sought to disrupt the outlets’ connections to their readers.

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Navigating Media Management in Exile

  • Clare Cook & David Lush

Clare Cook and David Lush explore how exiled media managers keep organisations running through repeated forced relocations. Drawing on workshops and interviews with exiled media leaders, they map five stages of instability and apply mixed embeddedness theory to show how support for exiled media can be strengthened.

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Calls & Opportunities

Behind the Screen: A Webinar Series on Digital Resilience

  • JX Fund

JX Fund, together with ASL19, is launching a series of online webinars as part of Digital Future Dialogue (DFD), focused on the technical challenges faced by independent exiled media organizations — and how to respond to them. We invite representatives from independent exiled media around the world to join us, learn practical defences against digital threats, and connect with peers facing the same challenges.

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Fellowship: 2027 Global Investigative Journalism Conference

  • GIJN

The 15th Global Investigative Journalism Conference (GIJC) will be held in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, from October 19 – 23, 2027, and is being co-hosted by GIJN and De Vereniging van Onderzoeksjournalisten (VVOJ) — the Dutch-Flemish Association of Investigative Journalists — which has played an outsized role in promoting quality investigative reporting in the region and across Europe since its founding in 2002.

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Alfred Friendly Press Partners Fellowship

  • Alfred Friendly Press Partners

Alfred Friendly Press Partners, which has trained over 400 journalists from 90 countries for over 40 years, is now accepting applications for its 2026 program. The fellowship is a four-week in-person program focused on foreign journalists who are living in exile in the US. The program builds skills and resiliency in these areas: Security, Legal, Journalism and Entrepreneurship.

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Country Focus: Afghanistan

The Future the Taliban Cannot Control

  • Journal of Democracy
  • Mariam Safi & Damon Wilson

Five years after the Taliban’s takeover, research organizations and countless other Afghan-led networks persist—training scholars, running underground classrooms, providing legal aid by phone. With NED support, over a thousand partners were evacuated to safety. Despite erasure from public life, Afghan women and civic leaders continue building the foundations for their country’s future.

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The Undercover Journalist

  • Zan Times
  • Sophia Malek

Coffee in the morning, fear by afternoon: an Afghan journalist works undercover for an exiled media outlet, dreading every knock at the gate. After interviewing a woman with a disability about domestic violence, she halts publication — fearing surveillance cameras could expose her identity.

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How Amu TV Keeps Afghan Independent Media Alive From Exile

  • Journalism Institute
  • Asmamaw Kassa

Amu TV was born out of the collapse of Afghanistan’s media landscape, and is one of the most influential exiled media outlets serving Afghanistan today. By broadcasting via satellite from the US, the channel has bypassed Taliban censorship and reached millions of viewers inside the country, offering a rare space for uncensored news, political debate, entertainment, and more.

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Country Focus: Belarus

Years of Exile From Belarus

  • Washington Post
  • Liam Scott

Natalia Belikova of Press Club Belarus hasn’t returned home since 2019 — not even for her father’s funeral. Since Lukashenko’s 2020 crackdown, over 1,000 journalists fled into exile, facing funding gaps, cyberattacks, and fading ties to audiences back home. She discusses censorship workarounds, ongoing arrests, and what keeps Belarusian exile media going.

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The Audience Is Real. The Reach Is Not Measured.

  • Belarus Brief

At Belarus’s New Belarus conference, Media IQ’s Pavliuk Bykouski presented Press Club Belarus data (2025–26) on exiled independent media: 133 accounts across 13 newsrooms, views growing from 280M to 448M, and 31.9% of Belarusians reporting contact with independent media. The article examines what the data shows — and where it falls short.

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Our Window into Belarus: Passports, Exile, and Resistance

  • taz
  • Tigran Petrosyan

In this podcast episode from taz Panter Stiftung’s “Freie Rede” series, jurist and writer Maxim Znak, journalist and photographer Sergei Balai, and journalist Alena discuss a law forcing exiled Belarusians to return home to renew passports—risking arrest if they do, or losing valid ID if they don’t—and its impact on those who fled after the 2020 protests.

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Country Focus: Russia

A Prophetic Voice Silenced

  • Streamline

Twenty years after the assassination of Anna Politkovskaya, Russian independent journalism survives only in exile, with a new generation citing her courage as their guiding principle against state repression. For many opponents of the current regime, her murder marked a definitive turning point in Russia’s post-Soviet trajectory, signaling the end of pluralism and the beginning of an irreversible slide into authoritarianism.

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How Exiled Russian Media Challenge the Kremlin’s Reality

  • Center for European Policy Analysis (CEPA)
  • John Christer Tønnessen

Independent Russian media in exile play a crucial role in providing audiences inside Russia with alternative information about the war and its consequences. CEPA argues that Western governments should treat these outlets as a strategic capability, supporting their access to audiences, credibility and digital infrastructure rather than undermining their efforts to challenge the Kremlin’s monopoly over information.

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Outer Russia: How The War has Sent Culture into Exile

  • Atlantic Council
  • Mikhail Zygar

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 challenged much of the common Western understanding of Russia. How can the world better understand Russia? What are the steps forward for Western policy? The Eurasia Center’s “Russia Tomorrow” series seeks to reevaluate conceptions of Russia today and better prepare for its future tomorrow.

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